106 IT: List of Useful UNICODE characters (106.html)

(Use Unicode UTF-8 Text Encoding . . .
subMenu "Convert-Text Encoding" in EditPad)
(Be sure to include < meta charset=utf-8 /> in the < head >)
(Code U+11AA; as " & # x 1 1 A A ; " with no spaces)
(The U+2003 [Em Space= & emsp; ] is the widest space at 8/inch)

Unicode & # x Icon/ Symbol
U-Code hhhh Symbol Name Hash Tag
U+0022 " " neutral double quote mark. & quot;
U+0027 ' ' apostrophe. (XHTML only) & apos;
U+002A * * ASTERISK.
U+007C | | VERTICAL LINE.
U+007C x2 || || 2 VERTICAL LINEs.
U+2003 | | | | Em Space ("a square space") & emsp;
U+2016 ‖ ‖ DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE.
U+00A3 £ £ Pound Sign.
U+00A7 § § SECTION SIGN. & sect;
U+00A9 © © Copyright SIGN.
U+00B6 ¶ ¶ ~P True PILCROW SIGN.
U+017F ſ ſ lower case LONG-S.
U+01BF ƿ ƿ lower case Wynn.
U+03A0 Π Π capital pi.
U+03C0 π π lower case pi.
U+2020 † † DAGGER. & dagger;
U+2021 ‡ ‡ DOUBLE DAGGER. & Dagger;
U+2022 • • Bullet & bull;
U+204B ⁋ ⁋ Reversed Pilcrow Sign.
U+20AC € € Euro Sign.
U+2103 ℃ ℃ Degree Celsius Sign.
U+2203 ∃ ∃ There exists Sign.
U+220F ∏ ∏ N-ARY PRODUCT.
U+221E ∞ ∞ infinity.
U+2307 ⌇ ⌇ resistor.
U+007C | | VERTICAL LINE.
U+2351 ⍑ ⍑ high capacitor.
U+23C4 ⏄ ⏄ diode.
U+23DA ⏚ ⏚ ground.
U+25CF ● ● black circle.
U+262F ☯ ☯ ying-yang taijitu.
U+2660 ♠ ♠ spades.
U+2663 ♣ ♣ clubs.
U+2665 ♥ ♥ hearts.
U+2666 ♦ ♦ diamonds.
U+266D ♭ ♭ (music) flat.
U+26AB ⚫ ⚫ media control.
U+00E9 é é lower case e acute. & eacute;
U+00C9 É É upper case E acute. & Eacute;
U+00F9 ù ù lower case u grave. & ugrave;
U+00D9 Ù Ù upper case U grave. & Ugrave;
U+00E0 à à lower case a grave. & agrave;
U+00C0 À À upper case A grave. & Agrave;
U+00F4 ô ô lower case o circ. & ocirc;
U+00D4 Ô Ô upper case O circ. & Ocirc;
U+00F6 ö ö lower case o umlaut. & ouml;
U+00D6 Ö Ö upper case O umlaut. & Ouml;
U+00E7 ç ç lower case c cedilla. & ccedil;
U+00C7 Ç Ç upper case C cedilla. & Ccedil;

Character Representations in Various Fonts

Pilcrow Sign (U+00B6)

The Pilcrow (or Paragraph Sign) shown below is slightly different from the Pilcrow Sign shown above. Nevertheless, they are the same character but shown in slightly different fonts.

(Click to Enlarge)
thumb: Pilcrow Sign_Unicode

Pilcrow Sign_Unicode

(Click to Enlarge)
thumb: Pilcrow Sign

Pilcrow Sign

Long-S (U+017F)

The Unicode version of the Long-S is incomplete in that it does not have any horizontal bar. The true Long-S has the left-most portion of the "horizontal bar" that always appears in the normal "f " character. The three different characters are shown below:

(Click to Enlarge)
thumb: LongS_Unicode

LongS_Unicode

(Click to Enlarge)
thumb: LongS

LongS

(Click to Enlarge)
thumb: Char_f

Char_f

Ancient Usage of Various Symbols as Footnotes

Today, "footnotes" are usually unique numbers that are explained at the end of book. They are more properly called "endnotes". In previous centuries, the ancient usage of footnotes differed from what is done today. In those days, each ancient footnote was a reference to some text appearing above on the same page. The first ancient footnote on each page was often identified by an "*", an asterisk. The second ancient footnote was a "†", a dagger etc. In 1867, James Edwin-Cole used the 6 footnote symbols shown below. James Edwin-Cole wrote The .... Coles of Devon. . . . (sources 2 and 3). He made use of the following 6 symbols for his footnotes. On page 31, it can be seen that he used these 6 footnotes, shown below:

* † ‡ § ‖ ¶ [Ed. Note: Π replaces ‖ in the editted version]. See eg. page 31.

In Source 2, David Cole editted the book by James Edwin-Cole. Instead of using 2 vertical bars for the fifth footnote symbol, David used an uppercase pi symbol (Π) sometimes called [shift-pi] or [capital-pi].

Unicode in HTML

If the source of an HTML webpage is minimally defined using "bare" tags such as

"< html > < head > < /head > < body >"code"< /body > < /html >",

many Unicode characters will not appear as desired. One way to make most Unicode characters appear is to include < meta charset=utf-8 > between the < head > < /head > tags. This tells the web-browser that the utf-8 character set is used within the html code. [Ed Note: extra spaces are included in the previous sentences in order to list the tags without them being interpreted as tags.]

However use of the < meta charset=utf-8 > will not display accented characters (in languages such as French and Spanish). The use of < meta charset="ISO-8859-1" > will properly display the accented characters in any webpage. An example of successful use of this can be seen in Source 09 below which is an autobiography of David Cole. Source 10 is a poem written (in french) by his mother-in-law, Lydie nee Arseneault. This poem is stored in an html file that uses the meta tag for accented characters. Source 9 and Source 10 (both below) make use of the meta tag for accented characters.